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  ARTICLE:- CLE :- Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations: An Overview 1. Shared History and Culture Pakistan and Afghanistan share deep ethnic, religious, and cultural ties, especially through the Pashtun population living across both sides of the Durand Line. 2. Border Dispute The Durand Line, drawn in 1893, remains a major source of tension. Afghanistan has historically rejected it as an official border, while Pakistan considers it final. 3. Security and Conflict Since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, Pakistan has been deeply involved in Afghan affairs. It supported the Mujahideen, hosted refugees, and later had complex ties with the Taliban. In return, it has faced border instability and militant violence. 4. Economic and Refugee Concerns Pakistan remains a key trade route for landlocked Afghanistan. However, hosting millions of Afghan refugees for decades has created economic and social strain in Pakistan. 5. Taliban Rule and Current Challenges After the Taliban r...

  ARTICLE:-The Baloch Nation and the Quest for Liberty Introduction to the Baloch Nation The Baloch Nation is an ethnic group with a distinct cultural and historical identity, mainly living in Baluchistan , a region divided between Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan . Known for their tribal traditions, bravery, and deep-rooted heritage, the Baloch people have long sought recognition and rights within the states they inhabit. Struggles for Autonomy In Pakistan’s Baluchistan province , many Baloch believe they have been politically and economically marginalized. Although the region is rich in natural resources like gas, coal, and minerals, the local population often sees little benefit from this wealth. This has led to a strong movement for autonomy and, in some cases, independence . Voices of Liberty Baloch activists and intellectuals demand: Control over local resources Cultural and linguistic rights Fair political representation Protection from forced disappear...

  Article:- culture differences in Pakistan reasons. Pakistan is a country rich in culture, history, and diversity. With over 240 million people, multiple ethnic groups, and various languages, understanding cultural differences in Pakistan can offer deep insight into the nation's identity. Whether you're visiting, doing business, or just curious, this guide will walk you through the key cultural elements that define Pakistan. 1. Ethnic Diversity One of the most significant aspects of cultural variation in Pakistan is its ethnic composition. The major ethnic groups include: Punjabis – The largest ethnic group, primarily in Punjab. Sindhis – Inhabiting Sindh province, with a distinct language and cultural heritage. Pashtuns (Pathans) – Found in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Baluchistan. Baloch – Mainly residing in Baluchistan, with strong tribal traditions. Muhajirs – Immigrants from India after partition, mainly in Karachi. Each group brings its own language,...

  TOPIC :-          India-Pakistan News Summary – April 24, 2025 🇮🇳 India Pahalgam Attack Claims 26 Lives A tragic terrorist strike in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir, resulted in 26 casualties, most of whom were tourists. The group “Kashmir Resistance,” suspected to be connected to Pakistan-based Lashkar-e-Taiba, accepted responsibility. Prime Minister Narendra Modi strongly condemned the act and pledged global action against those responsible. As a result, India has suspended the Indus Waters Treaty and shut down its main land crossing with Pakistan. India Cancels Visas for Pakistanis In response to the attack, India revoked all visas issued to Pakistani citizens and halted visa processing services for them. Heightened Security in Delhi Due to public anger, especially near the Pakistan High Commission, security in the capital has been significantly tightened. Protests demanding action against terrorism are ongoing. India Stee...

  ARTICLE: Topic: The Art of Turning Mishaps into Masterpieces                  Life has a knack for throwing curveballs our way. From spilling coffee on a brand-new shirt to sending an email with typos to your boss, every misstep has the potential to be either a disaster or comedic gold. Here’s how embracing laughable life lessons can transform your outlook and make you the hero of your own sitcom       1. The Magic of Awkwardness Ever tripped over air in front of a crowd? It’s an unparalleled skill many of us excel at. But here's the lesson: awkwardness creates connection. We’ve all been there, and sharing those moments of glory can spark friendships and laughter. Celebrate your inner klutz, and let the world know you’re human! 2. Why Failing Isn’t the End   Imagine baking cookies only to realize you forgot sugar. Guess what? You’ve now invented bland biscuits, ...

  BLOG# TEST01             TOPIC : The Irresistible World of Delicious Food.         Food is not just a necessity; it’s a form of art, culture, and comfort. Whether it’s a homemade meal or a dish from a five-star restaurant, delicious food has a way of bringing joy and creating unforgettable memories. In this blog, we’ll explore the essence of what makes food truly mouthwatering and highlight some irresistible dishes from around the world. What Makes Food Delicious?      The term "delicious" means more than just tasty. It’s about flavor, aroma, texture, and presentation. Here are a few key elements that contribute to a food's deliciousness: Global Dishes That Never Fail to Impress    1. Italian Pizza         Crispy on the outside, soft on the inside, and topped with gooey   cheese and savor y sauces—pizza is a...

  ARTICLE ➕ THE TRANSMISSION OF SOUL INTRODUCTION:       The Alchemist is a popular novel written by Brazilian author Paulo Coelho. It was first published in 1988 and has inspired millions of readers around the world. The book tells the story of a young shepherd named Santiago who follows his dream to find a hidden treasure. But more than just a treasure hunt, the story is about believing in yourself, listening to your heart, and discovering your true purpose in life. The Journey and the Lessons:      Santiago sells his sheep and begins his journey to Egypt. Along the way, he faces many challenges. He loses his money, works for a crystal merchant, travels through the desert, and meets man. One of the most important people he meets is the Alchemist, a wise man who can turn metal into gold. Important Themes:          Follow your dreams...

       ARTICLE:   HEART HEALTH AND WALKING    1:     CONNECTION B/W HEALTH AND WALKING    Walking is one of the easiest and most effective ways to stay healthy. It does not need any special equipment or a gym. Just putting on your shoes and going for a walk can do wonders for your body—especially your heart. Many studies have shown that walking daily can improve heart health in many ways. 2      WALKING IMPROVES BLOOD CIRCULATION   One of the most important benefits of walking is that it helps in better blood circulation. When you walk, your heart pumps blood more actively. This allows oxygen and nutrients to travel smoothly through your body. Good blood flow keeps your heart muscles strong and healthy. 3    HELPS LOWER  BLOOD PRESSURE     High blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease. Regu...

    Article:02  Topic: The Impact of Technology on Daily Life Technology has changed how people live and work every day. New tools make communication faster, tasks easier, and information more available. Smartphones help us stay connected and manage work on the go. Social media allows users to share ideas and build communities worldwide. While technology brings many benefits, it also raises issues like privacy risks and overdependence on digital devices. Conclusion Technology improves our lives in many ways, but using it wisely is important. A healthy balance between the digital world and real-life experiences helps us enjoy the best of both.

  Article no 01         Title:  why poverty hinders education   Poverty can have a significant impact on education, both directly and indirectly. Some of the most common ways that poverty affects education include: Limited access to quality education. Schools in low-income areas often have fewer resources, such as qualified teachers, up-to-date textbooks, and safe facilities. This can make it difficult for students to learn and achieve their academic potential. Family instability. Children living in poverty are more likely to experience family instability, such as parental unemployment, incarceration, or divorce. This can lead to stress, anxiety, and other emotional problems that can make it difficult for children to focus on their schoolwork. Invest in education. Education is one of the most powerful tools to help people escape poverty. It provides people with the skills and knowledge they need to get good jobs and earn a d...